📌 Destructuring Declarations in Kotlin

Destructuring Declarations in Kotlin allow you to unpack an object into multiple variables in a single statement. It simplifies code when working with data classes, collections, or custom objects.

✅ 1. Destructuring with Data Classes

In Kotlin, data classes automatically provide componentN() functions (component1(), component2(), etc.) for destructuring.

📌 Example:

kotlin
fun () {    val user = User("Alice", 25)        // Destructuring    val (name, age) = user        println("Name: $name")    println(Name: AliceAge: 25

🔎 Explanation:

• component1() → Extracts name

• component2() → Extracts age

✅ 2. Destructuring in Functions

You can return a data class or a Pair/ Triple from a function and destructure it.

📌 Example using Data Class:

kotlin
data class Person(val firstName: String, val lastName: String)fun (): Person {    return Person("John", "Doe")}fun () {    val (firstName, lastName) = getPerson()    println("First Name: $firstName, Last Name: First Name: John, Last Name: Doe

📌 Example using Pair and Triple:

kotlin
fun (): Pair<Int, Int> {    return Pair(10, 20)}fun (): Triple<String, Int, String> {    return Triple("Alice", 30, "Engineer")}fun () {    // Destructuring Pair    val (x, y) = getCoordinates()    println("X: $x, Y: X: 10, Y: 20Name: Alice, Age: 30, Profession: Engineer

✅ 3. Destructuring in For Loops

You can destructure data within loops, especially when working with collections of pairs or maps.

📌 Example:

kotlin
val userMap = mapOf("Alice" to 25, "Bob" to 30)for ((name, age) in userMap) {    println("$name is data class Employee(val name: String, val age: Int, val position: String)val employee = Employee("John", 28, "Developer")val (name, _, position) = employeeprintln("Name: $name, Position: Name: John, Position: Developer

• _ is used to ignore the age.

✅ 5. Custom Destructuring Using componentN()

You can define your own componentN() functions for destructuring even if it's not a data class.

📌 Example:

kotlin
class Point(val x: Int, val y: Int)// Custom component functionsoperator fun Point.() = xoperator fun Point.() = yfun () {    val point = Point(5, 10)    val (x, y) = point    println("X: $x, Y: $y")}

Output:

yam
X: 5, Y: 10

✅ Conclusion

• Destructuring makes code clean and readable when dealing with complex data.

• Best used with data classes, pairs, triples, or maps.

• Use underscore (_) to ignore values.

• Implement componentN() for custom class support.